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Encyclopedia Britannica



NEARCHUS

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 322 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NAN-NEW
NEARCHUS , one of the officers in the army of Alexander the j
Great
 . A native of
Crete
 , he settled at Amphipolis in Macedonia. In 325, when Alexander descended the Indus to the sea, he ordered Nearchus to conduct the
fleet
  to the head of the Persian Gulf. The success with which Nearchus accomplished this arduous enterprise led to his selection by Alexander for the more difficult task of circumnavigating Arabia from the mouth of the Euphrates to the
Isthmus
  of
Suez
 . But this project was cut short by the illness and death of the king (323). In the troubles that followed Nearchus attached himself to Antigonus, under whom he held the government of his .old provinces of
Lycia
  and
Pamphylia
 , and probably therefore shared in the downfall (3o1) of that monarch.
He wrote a detailed narrative of his expedition, of which a full abstract was embodied by Arrian in his Indicaone of the most interesting geographical treatises of antiquity.
The text, with copious geographical notes, is published in C. Muller's Geographi Graeci Minores, i. (1856) ; on the topography see W. Tomaschek, " Topographische Erlauterung der Kustenfahrt Nearchs Nom Indus bis zum Euphrat" in Sitzungsberichte der K. K. Acad. der Wissenschaften, exxi. (Vienna, 189o). See also E. H. Banbury, Ancient Geography, i. ch. 13; and ALEXANDER THE
GREAT
 . Ancient authorities.Arrian, Anab. vi. 19, 21; vii. 4, 19, 20, 25; Plutarch, Alexander, to, 68, 75; Strabo xv. pp. 72I, 725; Diod. Sic. xvii. 104 ;
Justin
  xiii. 4.


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