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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NAN-NEW |
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NAVE , ecclesiastically considered, that part of a church appropriated to the laity as distinguished from the chancel,the choir or the presbytery, reserved for the clergy. In a 14th-century letter (quoted in Gasquet's Parish Life in Medieval England, 1906, p. 45) from a bishop of Coventry and Lichfield to one of his clergy, the reason for this appropriation is given. " Not only the decrees of the holy fathers but the approved existing customs of the Church order that the place in which the clerks sing and serve God according to their offices be divided by screens from that in which the laity devoutly pray. In this way the nave of the church ... is alone to be open to lay people, in order that, in the time of divine service, clerics be not mixed up with lay people, and more especially with women, nor have communication with them, for in this way devotion may be easily diminished." The word " nave " has been generally derived from Lat. navis, ship. Du Cange (Glossarium, s.v. " Navis ") quotes from the Chronicon Moriniacense, of the 12th century, as to the popular origin of the name, Exterius etiam tabernaculum, quod ecclesiae navis a populo vocatur . . Salmasius in his commentary on Solinus (1629) finds the origin in the resemblance of the vaulted roof to the keel of a ship, and refers to Sallust (Jugurtha, 18. 8) where is noticed a similar resemblance in the huts (mapalia) of the Numidians. The use of the word navis may, however, be due to the early adoption of the " ship " as a symbol of the church (see Skeat's note on Piers Plowman, xl. 32). The Greek vacs, Attic vat's (vatssv, to dwell), the inner shrine of a Greek temple, the cella, has also been suggested as the real origin of the word. This derivative must presume a latinized corruption into navis, for the early application of the word for ship to this part of a church building is undoubted.'Architecturally considered the nave is the central and principal part of a church, extending from the main front to the transepts, or to the choir or chancel in the absence of transepts. When the nave is flanked by aisles, light is admitted to the church through clerestory
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The longest nave in England is that of St Albans (30o ft.), in which there are thirteen nave arches or bays on each side; in Winchester (264 ft.) there are twelve bays; in Norwich (25o ft.) fourteen; Peterborough
Milan is 270 ft. long with nine bays; at Florence, 250 ft. long with only four bays; and St Peter's in Rome 300 ft. long with four bays. On the other hand, the vaults in the nave of the continental cathedrals are far higher than those in England, that of Westminster Abbey being only Io3 ft. high, whilst the choir of Beauvais is 15o ft. The result is that the naves of the English cathedrals not only are longer in actual dimensions, but appear much longer in consequence of their inferior height.' Vessels resembling boats or ships are familiar in medieval art and later. Thus " Incense-boats " (navettes) somewhat of this shape are found in 12th-century sculptures. By the 16th century they approximated still more closely to a model of a ship. A large vessel, also in the shape of a boat or ship, and known as a nef, was used at the table of princes and great
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