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Encyclopedia Britannica



NAUMBURG

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 279 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: NAN-NEW
NAUMBURG , a town of Germany, in the province of Prussian Saxony, the seat of the provincial law courts and court of appeal for the province and the neighbouring districts. It is situated on the Saale, near its junction with the Unstrut, in the centre of an
amphitheatre
  of vine-clad hills, 29 M. S.W. from
Halle
 , on the railway to
Weimar
  and
Erfurt
 . Pop. (1905) 25,137.
almost entirely choked up, and is accessible only to the smallest craft. Naupactus is an episcopal see; pop. about 2500. In Greek legend it appears as the place where the Heraclidae built a
fleet
  to invade Peloponnesus. In historical times it belonged to the Ozolian Locrians; but about 455 B.c., in spite of a partial resettlement with Locrians of Opus, it fell to the Athenians, who peopled it with Messenian refugees and made it their
chief
  naval station in western
Greece
  during the Peloponnesian war. In 404 it was restored to the Locrians, who subsequently lost it to the Achaeans, but recovered it through Epaminondas. Philip II. of Macedon gave Naupactus to the Aetolians, who held it till 191, when after an obstinate siege it was surrendered to the Romans. It was still flourishing about A.D. 170, but in Justinian's reign was destroyed by an earthquake. In the middle ages it fell into the hands of the Venetians, who fortified it so strongly that in 1477 it successfully resisted a four months' siege by a Turkish army thirty thousand strong; in 1499, however, it was taken by Bayezid II. The mouth of the Gulf of Lepanto was the scene of the
great
  sea fight in which the naval power of Turkey was for the time being destroyed by the united papal, Spanish and Venetian forces (October 7, 1571). See LEPANTO, BATTLE OF. In 1678 it was recaptured by the Venetians, but was again restored in 1699, by the treaty of Karlowitz to the Turks; in the war of independence it finally became Greek once more (March 1829).
See Strabo ix. pp. 426-427; Pausanias x. 38. 10-13; Thucydides i.-iii. passim; Livy. bk. xxxvi. passim; E. L. Hicks and G. F. Hill, Greek Historical
Inscriptions
  (
Oxford
 , 1901), No. 25.


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