NAPHTHA

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 167 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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NAPHTHA , a word originally applied to the more fluid kinds of petroleum, issuing from the ground in the Baku

district

DISTRICT

of Russia and in Persia. It is the va4Ba of Dioscorides, and the naphtha, or

bitumen

BITUMEN

liquidum candidum of Pliny. By the alchemists the word was used principally to distinguish various highly volatile, mobile and inflammable liquids, such as the

ethers

ETHERS

, sulphuric ether and acetic ether having been known respectively as naphtha sulphurici and naphtha aceti.
The term is now seldom used, either in commerce or in science, without a distinctive prefix, and we thus have the following:
I. Coal-tar Naphtha.A volatile commercial product obtained by the

distillation

DISTILLATION (from the Lat. distillare, more correctly destillare, to drop or trickle down)

of coal-tar (see COAL-TAR).
2. Shale Naphtha.Obtained by

distillation

DISTILLATION (from the Lat. distillare, more correctly destillare, to drop or trickle down)

from the oil produced by the destructive distillation of bituminous shale (see PARAFFIN).
3. Petroleum Naphtha.A name sometimes given (e.g. in the United States) to a portion of the more volatile hydrocarbons distilled from petroleum (see PETROLEUM).
4.

Wood

WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
WOOD, MRS
HENRY
- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G.
  heim
  - HEIM, ALBERT VON ST GALLEN (1849- )
  - HEIM, FRANCOIS JOSEPH (1787-1865)
  , the Eng.
  home
  - HOME
  - HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
  - HOME, EARLS OF
  , and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- EDWARD
  - EDWARD
  _LAMSON_1841_.html">HENRY,
  EDWARD
  - EDWARD
  LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF
  BATTENBERG
  - BATTENBERG
  (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
[ELLEN] (1814—1887)
WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

Naphtha.M ethyl alcohol (q.v.).
5. Bone Naphtha.Known also as bone oil or 'Dippers oil. A volatile product of offensive odour obtained in the carbonization of bones for the manufacture of animal charcoal.
6. Caoutchouc Naphtha.A volatile product obtained by the destructive distillation of rubber. (B. R.)

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