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Encyclopedia Britannica



NAGARJUNA

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 151 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MOS-NAN
NAGARJUNA , a celebrated Buddhist philosopher and writer. He is constantly quoted in the literature of the later schools of Buddhism, and a very large number of works in Sanskrit is attributed to him. None of these has been critically edited or translated; and there is much uncertainty as to the exact date of his tamer, and as to his opinions. The most probable date seems to be the early
part
  of the 3rd century A.D. He seems to have been born in the
south
  of India, and to have lived under the patronage of a king of southern Kosala, the modern Chattisgarh. Chinese and Tibetan authorities differ as to the name of this monarch; but it apparently is meant to represent an Indian name Satavahana, which is a dynastic title, not a personal name. Of the works he probably wrote one was a treatise advocating the Madhyamaka views of which he is the reputed founder; another a
long
  and poetical
prose
 
work
  on the stages of the Bodhisattva career; and a third a voluminous commentary on the Alahaprajnad-paramita Sutra. Chinese tradition ascribes to him
special
  knowledge of herbs, of
astrology
 , of alchemy and of
medicine
 . Two medical
treatises
 , one on prescriptions in general, the other on the treatment of eye-disease, are said, by Chinese writers, to be by him. Several poems of a didactic character are also ascribed to him. The best known of these poems is The Friendly Epistle addressed to King Udayana. A
translation
  into English of a Tibetan version of this piece has been published by Dr Wenzel.


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