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Encyclopedia Britannica



MUSONIUS RUFUS

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 93 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MOS-NAN
MUSONIUS RUFUS , a Roman philosopher of the 1st century A.D., was born in Etruria about A.D. 20-30. He fell under the ban of Nero owing to his ethical teachings, and was exiled to the
island
  of Gyarus on a trumped-up charge of participation in
Piso
 's conspiracy. He returned under Galba, and was the friend of
Vitellius
  and Vespasian. It was he who dared to bring an accusation against P. Egnatius Celer (the Stoic philosopher whose evidence had condemned his patron and disciple Soranus) and who endeavoured to preach a
doctrine
  of peace and good-will among the soldiers of Vespasian when they were advancing upon Rome. So highly was he esteemed in Rome that Vespasian made an exception in his case when all other philosophers were expelled from the city. As to his death, we know only that he was not living in the reign of Trajan. His philosophy, which is in most respects identical with that of his pupil,
Epictetus
 , is marked by its strong
practical
  tendency. Though he did not altogether neglect logic and physics, he maintained that virtue is the only real aim of men. This virtue is not a thing of precept and theory but a
practical
 , living reality. It is identical with philosophy in the true sense of the word, and the truly good man is also the true philosopher.
Suidas attributes numerous works to him, amongst others a number of letters to Apollonius of Tyana. The letters are certainly unauthentic; about the others there is no evidence. His views were collected by
Claudius
  (or Valerius) Pollio, who 'wrote 'Axo-vnuoveGara Mouowvlov rot, nXoob4,ov, from which Stobaeus obtained his information. See Ritter and
Preller
  477, 488, 489; Tacitus, Annals, xv. 71 and Histories, iii. 81; and compare articles STOICS and
EPICTETUS
 .


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