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Encyclopedia Britannica



MURRAY

This article appears in Volume V19, Page 42 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MOS-NAN
MURRAY , the largest river in Australia. It rises in the Australian Alps in 36 4o' S. and 147 E., and flowing north-west skirts the borders of New
South
  Wales and Victoria until it passes into
South
  Australia, shortly after which it bends south-ward into Lake Alexandrina, a shallow lagoon, whence it makes its way to the sea at Encounter Bay by a narrow opening at 35 35' S. and 138 55' E. Near its source the Murray
Gates
 , precipitous rocks, tower above it to the height of 3000 ft.; and the earlier
part
  of its course is tortuous and uneven. Farther on it loses so much by evaporation in some parts as to become a
series
  of pools. Its length till it debouches into Lake Alexandrina is 1120 m., its
average
  breadth in summer is 240 ft., its
average
  depth about 16 ft.; and it drains an area of about 270,000 sq. m. For small steamers it is navigable as far as Albury. Periodically it overflows, causing wide inundations. The
principal
  tributaries of the Murray are those from New South Wales, including the
Edward
  River, the united streams of the Murrumbidgee and Lachlan, and the
Darling
  or Callewatta. In 1829 Captain
Sturt
  traced the Murrumbidgee River till it debouched into the Murray, which he followed down to Lake Alexandrina, but he was compelled, after
great
  hardships, to return without discovering its mouth. In 1831 Captain Barker, while attempting to discover this, was murdered by the natives.


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