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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MOS-NAN |
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MURAVIEV, MICHAEL NIKOLAIEVICH, COUNT (1845-1900) , Russian statesman, was born on the 19th of April 1845. He was the son of General Count Nicholas Muraviev (governor of Grodno), and grandson of the Count Michael Muraviev, who became notorious for his drastic measures in stamping out the Polish insurrection of 1863 in the Lithuanian provinces. He was educated at a secondary school at Poltava, and was for a short time at Heidelberg University. In 1864 he entered the chancellery of the minister for foreign affairs at St Petersburg
Red Cross Society in charge of an ambulance train provided I taste and increased his knowledge so rapidly that in the first three years of his scientific career he had explored large parts of England and Scotland, had obtained materials for three important memoirs, as well as for two more written in conjunction with Sedgwick, and had risen to be a prominent member of the Geological Society and one of its two secretaries. Turning his attention for a little to Continental geology, he explored with Lyell the volcanic region of Auvergne, parts of southern France, northern Italy, Tirol and Switzerland. A little later, with Sedgwick as his companion, he attacked the difficult problem of the geological structure of the Alps, and their joint paper giving the results of their study will always be regarded as one of the classics in the literature of Alpine geology. It was in the year 1831 that Murchison found the field in which the chief
establishment of the Silurian
series of formations, each replete with distinctive organic remains old.ar than and very different from those of the other rocks of England. These researches, together with descriptions of the coal-fields and overlying formations in south Wales and the Engli,li border counties, were embodied in The Silurian
The establishment of the Silurian system was followed by that of the Devonian system, an investigation in which, aided by the palaeontological assistance of W. Lonsdale, Sedgwick and Murchison were fellow-labourers, both in the south-west of England and in the Rhineland. Soon afterwards Murchison projected an important geological campaign in Russia with the view of extending to' that part of the Continent the classification he had succeeded in elaborating for the older rocks of western Europe. He was accompanied by P. E. P. de Verneuil (18o51873) and Count A. F. M. L. A. von Keyserling (1815-1891), in conjunction with whom he produced a magnificent work on Russia and the Ural Mountains. The publication of this mono-graph in 1845 completes the first and most active half of Murchison's scientific career. In 1846 he was knighted, and in the same year he presided over the meeting of the British Association at Southampton. During the later years of his life a large part of his time was devoted to the affairs of the Royal Geographical Society, of which he was in 183o one of the founders, and he was president 1843-1845, 18511853,1856-1859 and 1862-1871. So constant and active were his exertions on behalf of geographical exploration that to a large section of the contemporary public he was known rather as a geographer than a geologist. He particularly identified himself with the fortunes of David Livingstone in Africa, and did much to raise and keep alive the sympathy of his fellow-countrymen in the fate of that great explorer.The chief
original
In 1855 Murchison was appointed director-general of the geological survey and director of the Royal School of Mines and the Museum of Practical Geology in Jermyn Street, London, in succession'to Sir Henry De la Beche, who had been the first to hold these offices. Official routine now occupied much of his time, but he found opportunity for the Highland researches just alluded to, and also for preparing successive editions of his work Siluria (1854, ed. 5, 1872), which was meant to present the main features of the original
house
One of the closing public acts of Murchison's life was the founding of a chair of geology and mineralogy
interest
See the Life of Sir Roderick I. Murchison, by Sir A. Geikie (2 vols., 1875). (A. GE.)End of Article: MURAVIEV, MICHAEL NIKOLAIEVICH, COUNT (1845-1900) If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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