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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MOS-NAN |
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MUNI RIVER SETTLEMENTS, or SPANISH GUINEA , a Spanish protectorate on the Guinea
From the estuary of the Campo the coast trends S.S.W. in a series of shallow indentations, until at the bold bluff of Cape San Juan it turns eastward and forms Corisco Bay. The coast plain, from 12 to 25 M. wide, is succeeded by the foot-hills of the Crystal Mountains, which traverse the country in a north to south direction. These area table-land, from which rise granitic hills 700 to 1200 ft. above the general level, which is about 2500 ft. above the sea. The mountainous region, which extends inland beyond the Spanish frontier, contains many narrow valleys and marshy depressions. The greater part of the country forms the basin of the river Benito, which, rising in French Congo a little east
double
the table-land to the plain. The greater part of the country is covered with dense primeval forest. This forest growth is due to the fertility of the soil and the great
Guinea
east
The inhabitants are Bantu-Negroid, the largest tribe represented being the Fang (q.v.), called by the Spaniards Pamues. They are immigrants from the Congo basin and have pushed before them the tribes, such as the Benga, which now occupy the coast-lands. The villages of the Fang are usually placed on the top of small hills. They cultivate the yam, banana and manioc, and are expert fishers and hunters. The European settlements are confined to the coast. There are trading stations at the mouths of the Campo, Benito and Muni rivers, at Bata, midway between the Campo and Benito, and on Elobey Chico. There are cocoa, coffee and 'other plantations, but the chief
Cotton
Spain became possessed of Fernando Po at the end of the 18th century, and Spanish traders somewhat later established " factories " on the neighbouring coasts of the mainland, but no permanent occupation appears to have been contemplated. During the 19th century a number of treaties were concluded between Spanish naval officers and the chiefs of the lower Guinea coast, and when the partition
governor -general of Fernando Po, sub-governors being stationed at Bata, Elobey Chico and Corisco.See R. Beltran y Rozpide, La Guinea espanola (Madrid, 1901), and Guinea continental espanola (Madrid, 1903); H. Lorin, " Les colonies espagnoles du golf e de Guinee " in Quest. dip. et col., vol. xxi. (1906) ; E. L. Perea, " Estado actual de los territories espanoles de Guinea " in Revista de geog. colon. y mercantil (Madrid, 1905) ; J. B. Roche, Au pays des Pahouins (Paris, 1904). A good map compiled by E. d'Almonte on the scale of 1:200,000 was published in Madrid in 1903. Consult also the works cited under FERNANDO Po. End of Article: MUNI RIVER SETTLEMENTS, or SPANISH GUINEA If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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