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Encyclopedia Britannica



MUKDEN (Chinese Sheengking)

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 958 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MOS-NAN
MUKDEN (Chinese Sheengking) , the
capital
  of Manchuria, on the Hun-ho, Ito m. N.E. of Niuchwang, in 41 51' N., 123 38' E., with a population of 250,000. It is a centre for
trade
  and also for missionary enterprise. It was formerly the headquarters of the Manchu dynasty, and their tombs lie within its confines. Mukden is a fine town, with splendid walls, about a mile
long
  each way. The suburbs extend a considerable distance from the city and are surrounded by mud walls. In the centre of the town stands a small palace surrounded by an inner
wall
  and roofed with yellow tiles. The boots and
pack
  of Nurhachu, the founder of the present Chinese dynasty, who was a pedlar, are preserved there. Nurhachu's son, the emperor T'ien-tsung (1627-1636), built temples to heaven and earth in the neighbourhood of the city in imitation of those at Peking. These are much dilapidated. Four or five miles to the
east
  of the town stands the Fu-ling or " happy tomb," where the remains of Nurhachu rest, the outer
1 Al Mulfaddasi =" the Jerusalemite."gates of which are adorned with a green majolica representation of an imperial
dragon
 . The Emperor K'ien lung (1726-1796) wrote a poem on Mukden, which was translated into French by Pere
Amiot
  and attracted the attention of Voltaire. During the Russo-Japanese War in 1905 some of the heaviest fighting took place before Mukden, what is known as the " battle of Mukden " covering operations from the 19th of February till the Japanese occupied Mukden on the loth of
March
  and the Russians retreated northward on the 12th.


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