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Encyclopedia Britannica



MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 937 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MOS-NAN
MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne) , the name applied during the
French
  Revolution to a political group, whose members, called Montagnards, sat on the highest benches in the Assembly. The
term
 , which was first used during the session of the Legislative Assembly, did not come into general use until 1793. At the opening of the Convention the Montagnard group comprised men of very diverse shades of
opinion
 , and such cohesion as it subsequently acquired was due rather to the opposition of its leaders to the Girondist leaders than to any fundamental hostility between the two groups. The
chief
  point of distinction was that the Girondists were mainly theorists and thinkers, whereas the
Mountain
  was composed almost entirely of uncompromising men of action. During their struggle with the Girondists, the Montagnards gained the upper hand in the Jacobin
Club
 , and for a time Jacobin and Montagnard were synonymous terms. The
Mountain
  was successively under the sway of such men as
Marat
 , Danton, and Robespierre, and the group finally disappeared after Robespierre's death and the successes of the
French
  arms.
See also the articles JACOBINS, GIRONDISTS and FRENCH REVOLUTION.


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