MOULINS

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 935 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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MOULINS , a town of central France,

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

of the department of Allier, 121 M. by rail N.W. of Lyons. Pop. (1906), 18,997. The town is situated on the right bank of the Allier, which is here crossed by a remarkable bridge of the 18th century about r000 ft. in length. Moulins did not attain any importance till the 14th century, before which it consisted chiefly of some mills belonging to the dukes of Bourbon. The medieval town occupied a small area, the boundaries of which are marked on the N.E. and S. by the central boulevards occupying the site of the old moats. The modern town, expanding from this nucleus, is limited on the

east

EAST
EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

and south by the railway, the southern portion being traversed by agreeable promenades. To the north is the spacious avenue known as the Cours de Bercy, close by the

hospital

and the lycee. The more interesting buildings lie within the old enceinte. The

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

of these is the cathedral, which consists of a huge choir of the 15th and 16th centuries, and a

nave

NAVE

in the early

Gothic

GOTHIC

style but modern in construction and terminated by two towers with stone spires rising to a height of 312 ft. The church possesses a fine triptych attributed to Domenico Ghirlandajo (d. 1494), and fine windows of the 15th and 16th centuries. Among the oldest buildings in the town are the square tower of the 14th century (used as a prison) which is the

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

relic of the chateau of the dukes of Bourbon, and a belfry of the 15th century. Part of an old Jesuit college serves as the court-

house

HOUSE
HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
Gothic
- GOTHIC
it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

, which contains an archaeological museum. The library, which possesses a valuable Bible of 1115, is part of the hotel-de-ville. Numerous mansions of the 15th and 16th centuries border the streets of the
r9
the commencement, and the Gothic revival in the middle, of the 19th century naturally brought about a reaction in favour either of purer Classic forms or of Gothic

work

WORK

, but the vernacular types could not be displaced by the passing fashion, and the influence of Robert

Adam

is again paramount to-day.
old quarter of the town. There is a statue of the poet

Theodore

de Banville, born at Moulins in 1823. The town is the seat of a prefect, a bishop, and a court of assizes, and has tribunals of first instance and commerce, and a branch of the Bank of France. Yzeure, 14 m. E. of Moulins, has an interesting Romanesque church (12th century); 7a M. W.S.W. of Moulins is Souvigny, formerly famous for its Cluniac priory. Its church, a fine building of the 11th and 12th centuries, restored in the 15th century, contains the splendid tombs of Louis II. and Charles I., dukes of Bourbon in the 15th century, and other tombs of the Bourbon family, now in ruins.
Moulins became the residence of the dukes of Bourbon about the middle of the 14th century, and

capital

CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

of the duchy towards the end of the 15th century. In 1566, under Charles IX., an important assembly of notables was held in the town, at which the judicial system of France was reorganized.

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