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Encyclopedia Britannica



MOTIVE (from Lat. movere, to move)

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 909 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MOS-NAN
MOTIVE (from Lat. movere, to move) , in
psychology
 , a general
term
  signifying any
element
  of consciousness which prompts an
agent
  to a decision. The older
psychology
  usually regarded motives as strictly analogous to mechanical forces exerting pressure or tension, and explained human action as necessarily determined by the resultant of various, possibly conflicting, motives. Contemporary psychological research tends to show with increasing clearness that we must recognize a
power
  of decision in the self, and that the
analogy
  of mechanical forces is inadequate to explain the facts. On this view motives will be regarded as solicitations to act in a certain direction, while the self decides by throwing its volitional
weight
  on the side of the
motive
  which it regards as preferable. The solicitations may come from the most diverse sources: they may be mere desires to avoid some pain or to gratify some appetite; or they may be of higher origin, such as the
motive
  of patriotism, or the desire to advance knowledge. Purposes or ends are often termed motives. " Conflict of motives " means sometimes a conflict of purposes, when the
agent
  has adopted two different lines of action and has difficulty in combining them; or it may mean a conflict of solicitations. It is better to
call
  purposes or ends by those names when they, have been definitely adopted by the agent: while they are still under deliberation the
term
  " motive " may be used.


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