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Encyclopedia Britannica



MOTHER

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 906 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MOS-NAN
MOTHER , the
term
  for the female parent of a child. The word, like father, is common to Indo-European languages, cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Mutter, Du. moeder, Swed. and Dan. moder;
Gothic
  is the exception in Teutonic languages, the word being aithei, cf.
atta
 , father; from Lat. mater come, in Romanic, Fr. mere, Ital., Span. and Port., madre. Greek has 'rqp, (Attic and Ionic), argp (Doric). The
Russian
  word is mat. The Sansk. mata points to an
original
  derivation from a
stem
  ma, to measure, or make. Of the many transferred applications of " mother " may be mentioned those to the
church
 , to nature, to the earth, and to a city or nation, as the parent of other cities, nations, colonies, &c. As a
title
  " mother " is particularly applied to the head of a religious community of women. For " mother-of-pearl " see PEARL. There is a particular application of " mother " to the scum which rises to the surface of a liquor during the process of fermentation, and also to a
mass
  of gummy stringy consistency formed in vinegar in the process of acetous fermentation, hence known as " mother of vinegar " (see VINEGAR). This is usually, however, taken to be another word altogether, and connected with Du. modder, mud, mire.


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