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Encyclopedia Britannica



MONTYON, ANTOINE JEAN BAPTISTE ROBERT AUGET, BARON DE (1733-1820)

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 796 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MOL-MOS
MONTYON, ANTOINE JEAN BAPTISTE ROBERT AUGET, BARON DE (1733-1820) , French philanthropist, was born in Paris on the 23rd of December 1733. His father was a maitre des comptes; he was educated for the law, and became advocate at the Chatelet in 1755, master of requests to the council of state in 176o, and intendant successively of Auvergne,
Provence
  and La Rochelle. He had repeatedly shown
great
  independence of character, protesting against the accusation of Caradeuc de La Chalotais in 1766, and refusing in 1771 to suppress the local courts of justice in obedience to Maupeou. He was made a councillor of state in 1775 by the influence of Louis de Bourbon, duke of Penthievre, and in 178o he was attached to the court in the honorary office of chancellor to the comte d'
Artois
  (after-wards Charles X.). He followed the princes into
exile
 , and lived for some years in London. During the emigration period he spent large sums on the alleviation of the poverty of his fellow immigrants, returning to France only at the second restoration. Between 178o and 1787 he had founded a
series
  of prizes, the awards to be made by the French
academy
  and the academies of science and
medicine
 . These prizes fell into abeyance duringthe revolutionary period, but were 're-established in 1815. Montyon died on the 29th of December 182o, bequeathing ro,000 francs for the perpetual endowment of each of the following prizes: for the discovery of the means of rendering some mechanical process less dangerous to the workman; for the perfecting of any technical improvement in a mechanical process; for the book which during the year rendered the greatest service to humanity; the " prix de vertu " for the most courageous act on the part of a poor Frenchmanthe awards being left as before to the learned academies. He also left ro,000 francs to each of the Parisian hospitals.
Montyon wrote a
series
  of works, chiefly on political
economy
  : Eloge de Michel de l'hopital (Paris, r 77) ; Recherches et considerations sur la population de la France (1778), a share of which is attributed to his secretary, Moheau ; Rapport fait a Louis X VIII. (Constance, 1796), in which he maintained in opposition to
Calonne
 's Tableau de l'Europe that France had always possessed a constitution, which had, however, been violated by the kings of France; L'etat statistique du Tunkin (1811) ; and Particularites . . . sur les ministres des finances en France (1812).
See Lacretelle,. " Discours sur M. Montyon," in the Recueil de l'academie (1820-1829) ; Querard, La France litteraire, vol. vi. (1834) ; and, further, F. Labour, M. de Montyon d'apri s des documents inedits (Paris, r88o) ; G. Dumoulin, Montyon (Paris, 1884) ; and especially L. Guimbaud, Auget de Montyon (1909).


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