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Encyclopedia Britannica



MONTE CASSINO

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 763 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MOL-MOS
MONTE CASSINO , an isolated hill overhanging the town of Cassinum, about midway between Rome and Naples. Hither St Benedict migrated from
Subiaco
  in the early years of the 6th century, and established the monastery that became the metropolis of Western monachism. About 580590 it was sacked by the Lombards, and the monks fled to Rome, where they were established at the Lateran basilica. The monastery was rebuilt in 720, again destroyed by the Saracens in 884, and restored seventy years later. It reached its highest point of prosperity and influence from 1059 to 1105, under Desiderius (who became
Pope
 
Victor
  III. in ro87) and Oderisius. The abbot became overlord of an extensive territory and
bishop
  of several dioceses: now, though not a
bishop
 , he is
ordinary
  of seven dioceses. At the dissolution of monasteries in 1866 Monte Cassino was spared, owing mainly to a remonstrance by English well-wishers of United Italy. The monastery became a national
monument
  and the monks were recognized as custodians. There is a large secondary school with 250 boys, and
rich
  archives.
See L. Tosti, Storia della badia di M.C. (1841; 2nd ed., 1888); Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchenlexicon (2nd ed.) and
Herzog
 , Realencyklopadie (3rd ed.). (E. C. B.)


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