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Encyclopedia Britannica



MONCEY, BON ADRIEN JEANNOT DE, DUKE OF CONEGLIANO (1754-1842)

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 693 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MOL-MOS
MONCEY, BON ADRIEN JEANNOT DE, DUKE OF CONEGLIANO (1754-1842) , marshal of France, was the son of a lawyer of Besancon, where he was born on the 31st of July 1754. In his boyhood he twice enlisted in the French army, but his father procured his discharge on both occasions. His desire was at last gratified in 1778, when he received a commission. He was a captain when, in 1791, he embraced the principles of the French Revolution. Moncey won
great
  distinction in the campaigns of 1793 and 1794 on the Spanish frontier (see FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY WARS), rising from the command of a battalion to the command in
chief
  of the Army of the Western Pyrenees in a few months, and his successful operations were largely instrumental in compelling the Spanish government to make peace. After this he was employed in the highest commands until 1799, when the government, suspecting him of Royalist views, dismissed him. But the coup d'etat of 18. Brumaire brought him back to the active
list
 , and in
Napoleon
 's Italian campaign of 1800 he led a corps from Switzerland into Italy, surmounting all the difficulties of bringing horses and guns over the then formidable pass of St Gothard. In ,8o,
Napoleon
  made him inspector-general of gendarmerie, and on the assumption of the imperial title created him a marshal of France. In 18o5 Moncey received the grand cordon of the legion of honour, and in 18o8 the title of duke of Conegliano. In the latter year, the first of the Peninsular War, Moncey was sent to Spain in command of an army corps. He signalized himself by his victorious advance on Valencia, the effect of which was, however, destroyed by the disaster to Dupont at Baylen, and took a leading part in the emperor's campaign on the Ebro and in the second siege of
Saragossa
  in 1809. He refused. to serve in the invasion of Russia, and therefore had no share in the campaign of the grande armee in 1812 and 1813. When, however, France was invaded (1814) Marshal Moncey reappeared in the field and fought the last battle for Paris on the heights of Montmartre and at the barrier of Clichy. He remained neutral during the Hundred Days, feeling himself bound to Louis XVIII. by his engagements as a peer of France, but after Waterloo he was punished for refusing to take part in the court-martial on Ney by imprisonment and the loss of his marshalate. He was reinstated in 1816, and re-entered the chamber of peers three years later. His last active service was as
commander
  of an army corps in the short war with Spain, 1823. In 1833 he became
governor
  of the Invalides. He died on the loth of April 1842.


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