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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MOL-MOS |
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MONAZITE , a mineral
The following analyses are of monazite from: (I.) Burke county, North Carolina; (II.) Arendal, Norway; (III.) Emmaville, Gough county, New South Wales.I. II. 29.28 27.55 31.38 29.20 30.88 26.26 3'82 6.49 9.57 1.40 1.86 1.13 0-69 0.20 0.52 99.63 too6o 95 00 Specific gravity . . . 5.10 5.15 .1 Thoria and silica being often present in the molecular ratio t : t, it has been suggested that they exist as thorite (ThSiO4) as a mechanical impurity in the monazite. Crystals of monazite belong to the monoclinic system, and are usually flattened parallel to the ortho-pinacoid (a in the figure). The large (up to 5 in. in length) reddish-brown, dull and opaque crystals from Norway and the Urals are simple in form, whilst the small, translucent, honey-yellow crystals from the Alps are bounded by numerous bright faces. Crystals of the latter habit were described in 1823 from Dauphine under the name turnerite, and owing to their rarity were not until many years afterwards analysed chemically and proved to be identical with monazite. Monazite from the Urals was described by A. Breithaupt in 1829, and named by him from Gr. yova('ew, to be solitary, because of the rarity of the singly occurring crystals. The hardness is 5z, and the specific gravity 5.1-5.2. Light which has traversed a crystal or grain of monazite exhibits a characteristic absorption spectrum, and this affords a ready means of detecting the mineral
As minute idiomorphic crystals monazite is of wide distribution in granites and gneisses, being present in very small amounts as an accessory constituent of these rocks. By powdering the rock and washing away the lighter minerals in a stream of water the heavy minerals (zircon, anatase, rutile, magnetite, garnet,monazite, xenotime, &c.) may be collected. This separation has been effected naturally by the weathering and disintegration of the rocks and the accumulation of the heavier minerals in the beds of streams. Under these conditions monazite has been found as rounded water-worn grains in the alluvia] gold-washings of the Urals, Finland, Siberia, the United States, Brazil, Colombia
Tintagel
Cornwall
The deposits worked commercially are the monazite-bearing sands of North Carolina and Brazil, and to a smaller extent those of South Carolina. In North Carolina it occurs over a wide area in the streams rising in the South Mountains, an eastern outlier of the Blue Ridge
district
corundum
accumulation of very rich monazite sand occurs on the seashore near Alcobaca in Bahia, and this has been shipped as ballast in the natural state.See H. B. C. Nitze, " Monazite " (16th Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, pt. iv. (1895), pp. 667-693). (L. J. S.) End of Article: MONAZITE If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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