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Encyclopedia Britannica



MOISSAN, HENRI (1852-1907)

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 651 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MIC-MOL
MOISSAN, HENRI (1852-1907) ,
French
  chemist, was born at Paris on the 28th of September 1852. Educated at the Museum of Natural History, he was successively
professor
  of
toxicology
  (r886) and of inorganic
chemistry
  (1889) at the School of Pharmacy, and of general
chemistry
  at the Sorbonne (1900). In 1886 he succeeded in obtaining the
element
  fluorine in the free state by the
electrolysis
  of potassium fluoride and anhydrous hydrofluoric acid at a low temperature. Thence he was led to study the production of carbon in its three varieties and to attempt the artificial preparation of diamond, of which he was able to make some
minute
  specimens (see GEMS, Artificial). In connexion with these experiments he
developed
  the electric furnace as a convenient means of obtaining very high temperatures in the laboratory; and by its aid he prepared many new compounds, especially carbides, silicides and borides, and melted and volatilized substances which had previously been regarded as infusible. For his preparation of fluorine he wasawarded the Lacase prize in 1887, and in 1906 he obtained the Nobel prize for chemistry. He died in Paris on the 20th of
February
  1907.
His published works include Le four electrique (1897), and Le fluor et ses composes (1900), besides 'numerous papers in the Comptes rendus and other scientific
periodicals
 . A Traite de chimie minerale in five volumes was published under his direction in 1904-1906.


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