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Encyclopedia Britannica



MITAU (Russian, Mitava; Lettish, Yelgava)

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 617 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MIC-MOL
MITAU (Russian, Mitava; Lettish, Yelgava) , a town of Russia,
capital
  of the government of Courland, 29 M. by rail S.W. of
Riga
 , on the right bank of the river Aa, in a fertile plain which rises only 12 ft. above sea level, and has probably given its name to the town (Mille in der Aue). Pop. (1897), 35,011 inhabitants, mainly Germans, but including also
Jews
  (65oo), Letts (5000) and Russians. At high water the plain and sometimes also the town are inundated.
Mitau
  is surrounded by a canal occupying the place of former fortifications. It has regular, broad streets, bordered with the mansions of the German
nobility
 , who reside at the
capital
  of Courland.
Mitau
  is well provided with educational institutions, and is also the seat of the Lettish Literary Society. The old castle (1266) of the dukes of Courland, situated on an
island
  in the river, was destroyed by Duke Biren, who erected in its place (17381772) a spacious palace, now occupied by the
governor
  and the courts. Manufactures are few, those of wax-cloth, linen, soap, ink and beer being the
most important.
Mitau is supposed to have been founded in 1266 by ConradMandern, grand-master of the order of the Brethren of the Sword. In 1345, when it was plundered by the Lithuanians, it was already an important town. In 1561 it became the residence of the dukes of Courland. During the 17th century it was thrice taken by the Swedes. Russia annexed it with Courland in 1795. It was the residence (17981801 and 18041807) of the
count
  of
Provence
  (afterwards Louis XVIII.). In 1812 it was taken by
Napoleon
  I.


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