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Encyclopedia Britannica



MIDDLETON, ARTHUR (17421787)

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 415 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MIC-MOL
MIDDLETON, ARTHUR (17421787) , American politician and signer of the Declaration of Independence, was born at Middleton Place on the Ashley river,
South
  Carolina, on the 26th of June 1742. His family was one of the most prominent in the colony. The grandfather, Arthur Middleton (16811737), was president of the Council in 17211730 and as such was acting
governor
  in 17251730, and the father,
Henry
  Middleton (1717-1784), was speaker of the Assembly in 17451747 and again in 17541755, a delegate to the Continental Congress in 17741776, and its president from October 1774 to May 1775, a member of the
South
  Carolina Committee of Safety, and in 1775 president of the South Carolina Provincial Congress. Like most wealthy South Carolinians of the 18th century, Arthur Middleton was educated in Englandat Hackney, at Westminster School, and at St John's College,
Cambridge
 . He then returned to South Carolina, but soon afterwards went back to England to live, and travelled on the Continent. In 1773 he again returned to South Carolina, and in the controversies between the colonists and the
home
  government became a leader of the Whigs. He was a member of the provincial Council of Safety in 17751776, and a delegate to the Continental Congress in 17761777. In 1778 he was elected
governor
  of South Carolina, but owing to his dissatisfaction with the new State constitution he declined to serve. He was captured by the British at Charleston in May 1780, was exchanged in July 1781, was again a delegate to Congress in17811783, and later served in the state legislature. He died on the 1st of January 1787 at Middleton Place, near Charleston.
His eldest son,
HENRY
  MIDDLETON (1770-I846), was an orator of ability, was governor of South Carolina in 1810-1812, a representative in Congress in 1815-1819, and the United States minister to Russia from 182o to 183o, negotiating in 1824 a convention " relative to navigation, fishing and trading in the Pacific Ocean, and to establishments on the North-West
Coast
 ." This was the first treaty between the United States and Russia.


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