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Encyclopedia Britannica



MICHAUD, JOSEPH FRANCOIS (17671839)

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 361 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MIC-MOL
MICHAUD, JOSEPH FRANCOIS (17671839) , French historian and publicist, was born of an old family on the 19th of June 1767, at Athens, Savoy, was educated at Bourg-en-
Bresse
 , and afterwards engaged in literary
work
  at Lyons, where the events of 1789 first called out the strong dislike to revolutionary principles which manifested itself throughout the rest of his life. In 1791 he went to Paris, where, not without danger, he took part in editing several royalist
journals
 . In 1796 he became editor of La Quotidienne, for his connexion with which he was arrested after the 13th of Vendemiaire; he succeeded in escaping his captors, but was sentenced to death par contumace by the military council. Having resumed the editorship of his newspaper on the
establishment
  of the Directory, he was again proscribed on the 18th of Fructidor, but at the close of two years returned to Paris when the consulate had superseded the Directory. His Bourbon sympathies led to a brief imprisonment in 'Soo, and on his release he for the time abandoned journalism, and began to write or edit books. Along with his brother and two colleagues he published in ,8o6 a Biographic moderne, ou dictionnaire des hommes qui se sont fait un nom en Europe depuis 1789, the earliest
work
  of its kind; and in 1811 appeared the first volume of his Histoire des croisades and also the first volume of his Biographic universelle. In 1814 he resumed the editorship of La Quotidienne, and in the same year was elected Academician. In 1815 his brochure entitled Histoire des quinze semaines ou le dernier regne de Bonaparte met with extraordinary success, passing through twenty-seven editions within a very short time. His political services were now rewarded with the
cross
  of an officer in the Legion of Honour and the modest post of king's reader, of which last he was deprived in 1827 for having opposed Peyronnet's Loi d' Amour " against the freedom of the
Press
 . In 183o1831 he travelled in Syria and
Egypt
  for the purpose of collecting additional materials for the Histoire des croisades; his correspondence with a fellow explorer, J. J. F. Poujoulat, consisting practically of discussions and elucidations of various points in that work, was afterwards published (Correspondence d'orient, 7 vols., 18331835). Like the Histoire, it is more interesting than exact. The Bibliotheque des croisades, in four volumes more, contained the " Pieces justificatives " of the Histoire. Michaud died on the 3oth of September 1839, at Passy, where his
home
  had been since 1832.
His Histoire des croisades was published in its final form in six volumes in 184o under the editorship of his friend Poujoulat (9th ed., with appendix, by Huillard-Breholles, 1856). Michaud, along with Poujoulat, also edited Nouvelle collection des memoires pour servir a l'histoire de France (32 vols., 18361844). See Sainte-Beuve, Causeries du lundi, vol. vii.


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