MEXICO, GULF OF

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 348 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MEC-MIC

MEXICO, GULF OF , a mediterranean gulf almost surrounded by the coasts of the United States and

Mexico

, and forming the northern division of the extension westward of the west Atlantic trench (see ATLANTIC OCEAN). Its southern boundary is defined by the partly submerged

ridge

which extends eastwards from the peninsula of Yucatan, and on which the island of Cuba is situated: to the east it communicates directly with the Atlantic by the Strait of Florida. On the western side of Yucatan a southerly embayment is formed by the Gulf of Campeachy. The United States coast closely follows the parallel of 30 N., while the parallel of 200 N. cuts across the Gulf of Campeachy: the greatest lengthVera Cruz to. Floridais 1120 m., and greatest widthGalveston to Campeachy68o m. The total area is approximately 716,000 sq. in.
The deepest part of the Gulf of

Mexico

, the so-called " Sigsbee deep, lies below the line of 2000 fathoms, between 23 and 251 N., and 842 to 95 W. It is widest to the west, where the breadth is about 120 m., and narrows to 25 M. at its greatest depth (2119 fathoms) between 86 and 88 W., widening again to some 8o m. farther eastward. The continental shelf is for the most part narrow: its breadth is 6 m. at Cape Florida, 120 M. along the west coast of Florida, ro m. at the south pass of the Mississippi, 130 M. near the boundary of

Texas

TEXAS

and Louisiana, and 15 M. off Vera Cruz. The shores are low, sandy and marshy, the coast-line being frequently doubled by lagoons. There are no islands except the " Keys " of Florida and Yucatan, and Cuba. The tides in the Gulf of Mexico are of comparatively small range (springs rarely exceed 4 ft. and neaps 21 ft.), but a remarkable feature is the exaggeration of the diurnal inequality to such an extent as almost to extinguish the semi-diurnal tide in the inner parts of the gulf, giving high and low water only once daily. The mean level of the water in the Gulf of Mexico was formerly given as about 40 in. .above that of mean sea-level at New

York

YORK
YORK (
HOUSE
- HOUSE
- HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
  Gothic
  - GOTHIC
  it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)
OF)
YORK, EDMUND OF
LANGLEY
- LANGLEY, SAMUEL PIERPONT (1834-1906)
, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
YORK, EDWARD
YORK, FREDERICK
AUGUSTUS
- AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)
, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

, but later reports on precise levellings from New

York

YORK
YORK (
HOUSE
- HOUSE
- HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in
  Gothic
  - GOTHIC
  it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)
OF)
YORK, EDMUND OF
LANGLEY
- LANGLEY, SAMUEL PIERPONT (1834-1906)
, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
YORK, EDWARD
YORK, FREDERICK
AUGUSTUS
- AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)
, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

to Biloxi through St Louis describe it vaguely as " some-what higher." The current

movement

MOVEMENT

in the Gulf of Mexico consists of a rotational

movement

MOVEMENT

in the direction of the hands of a watch, the branch of the equatorial current which enters the Caribbean Sea passing into the Gulf by the Strait of Yucatan and issuing from it by the Strait of Florida as the Gulf Stream, which unites with the remainder of the northward moving water, forming the Antilles current.
From March to September the prevailing winds are the north-east trades; these undergo considerable modification on account of the configuration of the surrounding land, and the rains which accompany them are interrupted by spells of calm thickweather, and rarely by northerly winds known as Nortek del hueso colorado and Chocolateros. In the colder dry season, from October to April, the climatic situation is dominated by the relatively high temperature of the surface of the gulf, causing a cyclonic inflow of air which is associated with the strong northerly winds or " northers " prevailing on the western side, more particularly along the Mexican coast. The northers sometimes blow with terrific force and are at times accompanied by rain. The form and position of the Gulf of Mexico exercise a profound influence on the climate of the whole of the southern and south-eastern states of the Union, and indeed of the greater part of North America. (H. N. D.)

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