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Encyclopedia Britannica



METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. nrpoiroXtrns)

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 301 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MEC-MIC
METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. nrpoiroXtrns) , in the Christian church, the title of a
bishop
  who has the over-sight over bishops of subordinate
sees
 . In the Western church
the
metropolitan
  is practically the same as the archbishop (q.v.); in the Eastern church he ranks above the archbishop, but below the patriarch (q.v.). Metropolitans first appear in the
East
  in the 4th century as presiding over a province (provincia or irapXla), and their see is fixed in the
principal
  town (o rporats) of the province, which remains the normal custom both in
East
  and West. In Africa, however, the
metropolitan
 
jurisdiction
  was exercised by the senior
bishop
  (primas, primae sedis episcopus, senex) for the time being, a custom which prevailed for a time also in Spain. Thus, too, in the Scottish Episcopal Church and the
Protestant
  Episcopal Church of America there are no metropolitans, the primas being the senior bishop.


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