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Encyclopedia Britannica



MERIDIAN (from the Lat. meridianus, pertaining to the south or mid-day)

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 166 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MEC-MIC
MERIDIAN (from the Lat. meridianus, pertaining to the south or mid-day) , in general a direction toward the
south
  or toward the position of the sun at mid-day. The terrestrial
meridian
  of a
place
  is the
great
  circle
drawn
  on the earth's surface from either
pole
  through the
place
 . As determined astronomically the
celestial
 
meridian
  is the
great
  circle passing through the
celestial
 
pole
  and the zenith. The terrestrial meridian as practically determined is the circle on the earth's surface in which the plane of the celestial meridian cuts that surface. Owing to local deviations of the plumb-line the meridian thus determined does not strictly coincide with the terrestrial meridian as ordinarily defined, but the deviation, though perceptible in mountainous regions, is so minute that it is generally ignored.


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