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Encyclopedia Britannica



MERIDIAN

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 166 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MEC-MIC
MERIDIAN , a city and the county-seat of Lauderdale county,
Mississippi, U.S.A., about go m. E. of Jackson. Pop. (18go), 10,624; (1900), 14,050, of whom 5787 were negroes; (1910
census), 23,285. It is served by the Southern, the
Alabama
  Great Southern, the Mobile &
Ohio
 , and the New Orleans
& North Eastern and the
Alabama
  & Vicksburg (Queen &
Crescent
  Route) railways. It is the seat of the
East
  Mississippi Insane
Hospital
 
    See Also:
, of the state Masonic Widows and Orphans' 'Home and of the Meridian Women's College (non-sectarian, opened in 1903), the Meridian Male College (opened in root), and, for negroes, the Lincoln School (Congregational) and Meridian Academy (Methodist Episcopal). The city is an important market for
cotton
  grown in the surrounding country, and is the principal manufacturing city in the state. Its factory products, chiefly railway supplies and
cotton
  products, increased in value from $1,924,465 in 1900 to $3,267,600 in 1905, or 69-8% in five years.
Mineral
  waters (especially lithia) are bottled in and near the city. Meridian was laid out in 1854 at a proposed railway crossing, and was chartered as a city in 1860. In February 1864 General William Tecumseh Sherman, with an army of about 20,000, made an expedition from Vicksburg to Meridian, then an important railway centre and depot for Confederate supplies, chiefly for the purpose of making inoperative the Mobile &
Ohio
  and the Jackson & Selma railways; on the 14th of the month his army entered Meridian, and within a
week
  destroyed nearly everything in the city except the private houses, and tore up over Ito m. of track. In the " Meridian riot " of 1871a prominent episode of reconstructionwhen one of several negroes on trial for urging mob violence had shot the presiding judge, the whites, especially a party from Alabama interested in the trial, killed a number of negroes and burned a negro school. On the 2nd of March 1906 a cyclone caused great loss of life and property.


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