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Encyclopedia Britannica



MERIDA

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 165 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MEC-MIC
MERIDA , a city of
Mexico
  and
capital
  of the state of Yucatan, 23 M. by rail S. of Progreso, its port on the Gulf of
Mexico
 . Pop. (1900), 43,630, the Maya
element
  being predominant. Merida is the centre of an isolated railway system, connected with the ports of Progreso and Campeche, and having short lines radiating in all directions to Peto, Valladolid and Izamal. It stands on a broad, partly open plain near the northern border of the peninsula, where the thin loose soil covering a limestone foundation permits the rapid percolation and evaporation of the rainfall, and therefore supports a comparatively scanty vegetation. It is highly favourable to maguey cultivation, however, and Merida is the centre of the henequen, or sisal fibre, industry. There is an imposing 16th-century cathedral facing upon the principal plaza, together with the government and episcopal palaces. There are also an old university, with schools of law,
medicine
  and pharmacy, an episcopal
seminary
  and other educational institutions. The most interesting building in the city is a Franciscan convent, dating from 1547, which covers an area of 6 acres and is surrounded by a
wall
  40 ft. high and 8 ft. thick. It once harboured no less than 2000 friars, but has been allowed to fall into complete decay since the expulsion of the order in 1820. The manufactures include straw hats, hammocks, cigars, soap,
cotton
  fabrics, leather goods, artificial stone, and a peculiar distilled beverage called estabentun. The exports are henequen, or sisal fibre, hides, sugar, rum, chicle and indigoall products of the vicinity. Merida was founded in 1542 by the younger Francisco de Montejo on the site of a native city called Tihoo, or Th6, whose stone pyramids furnished building material in abundance for the invaders. It became an episcopal see in 1561.


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