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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MEC-MIC |
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MERCAPTANS (Thio-alcohols) , organic chemical compounds of the type R.SH (R=an alkyl group). The name is derived from mercurium captans, in allusion to the fact that these compounds react readily with mercuric oxide
mercury derivatives. The mercaptans may, be prepared by the action of the alkyl halides on an alcoholic solution of potassium hydrosulphide; by the reduction of the sulpho-chlorides, e.g. C2H5SO2C1 (chlorides of sulphonic acids), by heating
heating
alcohols
phosphorus pentasulphide. They are colourless liquids, which are insoluble in water and possess a characteristic offensive smell. On oxidation by nitric acid they yield sulphonic acids. They combine with aldehydes and ketones, with elimination of water and formation of mercaptals and mercaptols. (See SULPHONAL.)Methyl mercaptan, CHI.SH, is a liquid which boils at 5.8 C. (752 mm.), and forms a crystalline hydrate with water. Ethyl
mercury salt
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