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Encyclopedia Britannica



MELFI

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 94 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MEC-MIC
MELFI , a city and episcopal see of Basilicata, Italy, in the province of Potenza, 30 M. by rail N. of the town of that name. Melfi is picturesquely situated on the lower slopes of Monte Vulture, 1591 it. above sea-level. Pop. (1901), 14,547. The castle was originally erected by Robert Guiscard, but as it now stands it is mainly the
work
  of the Doria family, who have possessed it since the time of Charles V.; and the noble cathedral which was founded in 1153 by Robert's son and successor, Roger, has had a modern restoration (though it retains its campaniles) in consequence of the earthquake of 1851, when the town was ruined, over one thousand of the inhabitants perishing. It is the centre of an agricultural
district
  which produces oil and wine. In the town
hall
  is a fine Roman sarcophagus found 6 m. W. of Venosa.
Melfi does not seem to occupy an ancient site, and its origin is uncertain. By the Normans it was made the
capital
  of Apulia in x041, and fortified. The council held by Nicholas I. in x059, that of Urban II. in x089, the rebellion against Roger in 1133 and the subsequent punishment, the plunder of the town by
Barbarossa
  in 1167, the attack by Richard, count of
Acerra
  in 1190, and the parliament of 1223, in which Frederick II. established the constitution of the kingdom of Naples, form the principal points of
interest
  in the annals of Melfi. In 1348
Joanna
  I. of Naples bestowed the city on Niccolo Acciajuoli; but it was shortly afterwards captured, after a six months' siege, by the king of Hungary, who transferred it to
Conrad
  the Wolf. In 1392 Goffredo Marzano was made count of Melfi; but
Joanna
  II. granted the lordship to the Caracciolo family, and they retained it for one hundred and seven years till the time of Charles V. An obstinate resistance was offered by the city to Lautrec de Foix in 1528; and his entrance within its walls was followed by the massacre, it is said, of 18,000 of its citizens.
See G. de Lorenzo, Venosa e la regione del Vulture (Bergamo, Igoe).


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