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Encyclopedia Britannica



MELANESIA

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 90 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MEC-MIC
MELANESIA , one of the three
great
  divisions of the oceanic
islands in the central and western Pacific. It embraces the Bismarck Archipelago, N.E. of New
Guinea
 , the Louisiade, Solomon, Santa Cruz, New Hebrides and Loyalty islands, New Caledonia, Fiji and intervening small groups. The name (Gr. Ohm, black, and *tor,
island
 ) is derived from the black colour of the prevailing native race, the Papuan and its allied tribes. Many of these differ widely from the parent race, but all the Melanesian peoples have certain common characteristics which distinguish them sharply from the inhabitants of Poly., nesia and Micronesia. Their civilization is lower. The Melanesians are mostly " negroid," nearly black, with crisp, curly
hair
  elaborately dressed; their women hold a much lower position than among the Polynesians; their institutions, social, polit' 1 and religious, are simpler, their manners ruder; they have fe
or, no traditions; cannibalism, in different degrees, is almost universal; but their artistic skill and
taste
 , as with some of the lower
African
  negroes, are remarkable, and they are amenable to discipline and
fair
  treatment. Their languages, which exhibit considerable difference among themselves, have features which mark them off clearly from the Polynesian, notwithstanding certain. fundamental relations with the latter.
See R. H. Codrington, The Melanesian Languages (
Oxford
 , 1885) and The Melanesians (
Oxford
 , 1891); the articles PAPUANS and PACIFIC OCEAN; also those on the several
island
 -groups, &c.


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