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Encyclopedia Britannica



MEDIATIZATION (Ger. Mediatisierung, from Lat. mediatus, mediate, middle)

This article appears in Volume V18, Page 23 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MEC-MIC
MEDIATIZATION (Ger. Mediatisierung, from Lat. mediatus, mediate, middle) , the process by which at the beginning of the 19th
century
 , a number of German princes, hitherto sovereign as holding immediately of the emperor, were deprived of their
sovereignty
  and mediatized by being placed under that of other sovereigns. This was first done on a large scale in 1803, when by a
recess
  of the imperial
diet
  many of the smaller fiefs were mediatized, in order to compensate those German princes who had been forced to cede their territories on the left bank of the
Rhine to France. In 18o6 the formation of the Confederation of the Rhine involved an extension of this mediatizing process, though the abolition of the
empire
  itself deprived the word " mediatization " of its essential meaning. After the downfall of
Napoleon
  the
powers
  were besieged with petitions from the mediatized princes for the restoration of their " liberties "; but the congress of Vienna (1815) further extended the process of mediatization by deciding that certain houses hitherto immediate (i.e. Salm, Isenburg, Leyen) should only be represented mediately in the
diet
  of the new Confederation. On the other hand, at Aix-la-Chapelle (1818) the
powers
 , in response to the representations of the aggrieved parties, admonished the German sovereigns to respect the rights of the mediatized princes subject to them. Of these rights, which included the hereditary right to a seat in the estates, the most valued is that of Ebenbiirtigkeit (equality of
birth
 ),which, for purposes of matrimonial alliance, ranks the mediatized princes with the royal houses of Europe.
See August Wilhelm Heffter, Die Sonderrechte der Souverdnen and der Mediatisirten, vormals reichsstandischen
Hauser
  Deutschlands (Berlin, 1871). The mediatized families are included in the Almanach de Gotha.


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