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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MEC-MIC |
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MEDFORD , a city, including several villages, of Middlesex county, Massachusetts, U.S.A., on the Mystic river and Lakes, 5 in. N. by W. of Boston. Pop. (Iwo), 18,244, of whom 4327 were foreign-born; (1910 census) 23,150. The city is served by the Southern Division and a branch of the Western Division of the Boston & Maine railroad, and is connected with Boston and neighbouring cities by electric railways. The Mystic River, a tidewater stream, is navigable for small craft as far as the centre of the city. There are manufactures of considerable importance, including bricks and tiles, woollen goods, carriages and wagons, food products, iron and steel building materials and machinery. The city covers a land area of about 8 sq. in., along the Mystic river, and extending to the hills. The western portion borders the Upper and Lower Mystic Lakes, which are centres for boating. In the north-west portion of Medford is a part of the Middlesex Fells, a heavily wooded reserve belonging to the extensive Metropolitan Park System maintained by the state. The broad parkways of this system also skirt the Mystic Lakes, and here is the greater part (1907, 267 out of 291 acres) of the Mystic River Reservation of the Metropolitan System. Among the city parks are Hastings, Brooks, Logan, Tufts and Magoun. Within the city limits are some of the oldest and most interesting examples of colonial domestic architecture in America, including the so-called " Cradock House
house
Governor John Winthrop for the tenants of his Ten Hills Farm, and was subsequently enlarged andoccupied by Lieut.- Governor John Usher, and by Isaac Royall' (c. 1720-1781) and his son, Isaac Royall, Jun.Medford has a public library of about 35,200 volumes, housed in the colonial residence (reconstructed) of Thatcher Magoun. The city has also a city hall
manual
Lydia
Carnegie
of her pastor, are noteworthy. The college endowment amounted in 1908 to $2,300,000. Medford was first settled in 163o. A considerable portion of its area formed the plantation of Matthew Cradock (d. 1641), first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company, who in 163o A prominent Loyalist, whose estate was seized during the War of Independence, but was restored to his heirs about 1800. He endowed the first professorship of law in Americaat Harvard College. sent out agents to settle his lands. John Winthrop's " Ten Hills Farm," partly within the present limits of Medford, was settled soon afterwards. One of the earliest industries was ship-building, John Winthrop's " Blessing of the Bay," built on the Mystic in 1631-1632, being one of the first keels laid on the continent. In 1802 Thatcher Magoun began building sea-going vessels, and many of the famous privateers of the War of '812 were constructed here. By 1845 Medford employed fully a quarter of all the shipwrights of the state. The industry gradually lost its importance after the introduction of steamships, and the last keel was laid in 1873. Another early industry was the distilling of rum; this was carried on for two centuries, especially by the Hall
Hampshire . The course of Paul Revere's ride lay through Medford Square and High Street, and.within a half-hour of his passage the Medford minute men were on their way to Lexington and Concord, where they took part in the engagements with the British. After the Battle of Saratoga many of Burgoyne's officers were quartered here for the winter. The Middlesex Canal was opened through Medford in 1803, and the Boston & Lowell railroad (now the southern division of the Boston & Maine) in '831. Medford was chartered as a city in 1892.See Charles Brooks, History of the Town of Medford (Boston, 1855 enlarged by J. M. Usher, Boston, '886); Historical Register of the Medford Historical Society (1898 et seq.); Proceedings of the 275th Anniversary of the Settlement of Medford (Medford, 1905) ; S. A. Drake, History of Middlesex County (2 vols., Boston, '880) and Helen Tilden Wild, Medford in the Revolution (Medford, 1903). End of Article: MEDFORD If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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