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Encyclopedia Britannica



MAYER, JOHANN TOBIAS (1723-1762)

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 933 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAR-MEC
MAYER, JOHANN TOBIAS (1723-1762) , German astronomer, was born at 1\Iarbach, in Wurtemberg, on the 17th of
February
  1723, and brought up at Esslingen in poor circumstances. A self-taught mathematician, he had already published two
original
  geometrical works when, in 1746, he entered J. B. Homann's cartographic
establishment
  at Nuremberg. Here he introduced many improvements in map-making, and gained a scientific reputation which led (in 1751) to his election to the chair of
economy
  and mathematics in the university of Gottingen. In 1754 he became superintendent of the
observatory
 , where he laboured with
great
  zeal and success until his death, on the loth of
February
  1762. His first important astronomical
work
  was a careful investigation of the libration of the moon (Kosmographische Nachrichten, Nuremberg, 1750), and his chart of the full moon (published in 1775) was unsurpassed for half a century. But his fame rests chiefly on his lunar tables, communicated in 1752, with new solar tables, to the Royal Society of Gottingen, and published in their Transactions (vol. ii.). In 1755 he submitted to the English government an amended
body
  of MS. tables, which James Bradley compared with the Greenwich observations, and found to be sufficiently accurate to determine the moon's place to
(A. M. C.)


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