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Encyclopedia Britannica



MATTHEWS, STANLEY (1824-1889)

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 899 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAR-MEC
MATTHEWS, STANLEY (1824-1889) , American jurist, was born in Cincinnati,
Ohio
 , on the 21st of July 1824. He graduated from Kenyon College in 1840, studied law, and in 1842 was admitted to the bar of Maury county, Tennessee. In 1844 he became assistant prosecuting attorney of Hamilton county,
Ohio
 ; and in 1846-1849 edited a short-lived anti-slavery
paper
 , the Cincinnati Herald. He was clerk of the Ohio
House
  of Representatives in 1848-1849, a judge of common pleas of Hamilton county in 1850-1853, state senator in 1856-1858, and U.S.
district
 -attorney for the southern
district
  of Ohio in 1858-1861. First a Whig and then a Free-Soiler, he joined the Republican party in 1861. After the outbreak of the Civil War he was commissioned a lieutenant of the 23rd Ohio, of which Rutherford B. Hayes was major; but saw service only with the 57th Ohio, of which he was colonel, and with a brigade which he commanded in the Army of the Cumberland. He resigned from the army in 1863, and was judge of the Cincinnati superior court in 1863-1864. He was a Republican presidential elector in 1864 and 1868. In 1872 he joined the Liberal Republican
movement
 , and was temporary chairman of the Cincinnati convention which nominated
Horace
  Greeley for the presidency, but in the campaign he supported Grant. In 1877, as counsel before the Electoral Commission, he opened the argument for the Republican electors of Florida and made the principal argument for the Republican electors of Oregon. In March of the same year he succeeded John Sherman as senator from Ohio, and served until March 1879. In 1881 President Hayes nominated him as associate justice of the Supreme Court, to succeed Noah H. Swayne; there was much opposition, especially in the press, to this appointment, because
Matthews
  had been a prominent railway and
corporation
  lawyer and had been one of the Republican " visiting statesmen" who witnessed the canvass of the vote of Louisiana' in 1876; and the nomination had not been approved when the session of Congress expired.
Matthews
  was renominated by President Garfield on the 15th of March, and the nomination was confirmed by the Senate (22 for, 21 against) on the 12th of
' It seems certain that Matthews and Charles Foster of Ohio gave their written promise that Hayes, if elected, would recognize the Democratic governors in Louisiana and South Carolina.
May. He was an honest, impartial and conscientious judge. He died in Washington, on the 22nd of March 1889.


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