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Encyclopedia Britannica



MATRIX

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 890 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAR-MEC
MATRIX , a word of somewhat wide application, chiefly used in the sense of a bed or enclosing
mass
  in which something is shaped or formed (
Late
  Lat. matrix, womb; in classical Latin matrix was only applied to an animal kept for breeding). Matrix is thus used of a mould of metal or other substance in which a
design
  or pattern is made in intaglio, and from which an impression in relief is taken. In die-sinking and coining, the matrix is the hardened steel mould from which
the die-punches are taken. The
term
  " seal " should strictly diet and passed; and with this
financial
  achievement Matsukata be applied to the impression only on wax of the
design
  of the
matrix, but is often used both of the matrix and of the impression (see SEALS). In
mineralogy
 , the matrix is the
mass
  in which a crystal
mineral
  or fossil is embedded. In mathematics, the name " matrix " is used of an arrangement of numbers or symbols in a rectangular or square figure. (See ALGEBRAIC Foams.)
In med. Latin matrix and the diminutive matricula had the meaning of a roll or
register
 , particularly one containing the names of the members of an institution, as of the clergy belonging to a
cathedral
 , collegiate or other
church
 , or of the members of a university. From this use is derived " matriculation," the admission to membership of a university, also the name of the examination for such admission. Matricula was also the name of the contributions in men and money made by the various states of the Holy Roman Empire, and in the modern German Empire the contributions made by the federal states to the imperial finances are called Matrikularbeitrage, matricular contributions. (See GERMANY: Finance.)


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