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Encyclopedia Britannica



MATER MATUTA (connected with Lat. mane, matutinus, " morning ')

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 878 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAR-MEC
MATER MATUTA (connected with Lat. mane, matutinus, " morning ') , an old Italian goddess of dawn. The
idea
  of light being closely connected with childbirth, whereby the infant is brought into the light of the world, she came to be regarded as a
double
  of Juno, and was identified by the Greeks with Eilithyia. Matuta had a temple in Rome in the Forum Boarium, where the festival of Matralia was celebrated on the rrth of June. Only married women were admitted, and none who had been married more than once were allowed to crown her image with garlands. Under hellenizing influences, she became a goddess of sea and harbours, the Ino-Leucothea of the Greeks. In this connexion it is noticeable that, as Ino tended her nephew Dionysus, so at the Matralia the participants prayed for the welfare of their nephews and nieces bef ere that of their own children. The trans-formation was complete in 174 B.C., when Tiberius Sempronius
Gracchus
 , after the conquest of
Sardinia
 , placed in the temple of Matuta a map commemorative of the campaign, containing a plan of the
island
  and the various engagements. The progress of navigation and the association of divinities of the sky with maritime affairs probably also assisted to bring about the
change
 , although the memory of her earlier
function
  as a goddess of childbirth survived till imperial times.
Ovid
 ,
Fasti
 , vi. 475; Livy xli. 28;
Plutarch
 , Quaestiones romanae, 16, 17.


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