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Encyclopedia Britannica



MATERA

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 878 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAR-MEC
MATERA , a city of Basilicata, Italy, in the province of
Potenza
 , from which it is 68 m. E. by road (13 M. S. of the station of
Altamura
 ), 1312 ft. above sea-level. Pop. (1901), 17,801. Part of it is built on a level
plateau
  and part in deep valleys adjoining, the tops of the campaniles of the lower portions being on a level with the streets of the upper. The principal building is the
cathedral
  of the archbishopric of Acerenza and Matera, formed in 1203 by the union of the two bishoprics, dating respectively from 300 and 398. The western facade of the
cathedral
  is plain, while the utmost richness of decoration is lavished on the
south
  front which faces the piazza. Almost in the centre of this
south
  facade is an exquisitely sculptured window, from which letters from the Greek patriarch at
Constantinople
  used to be read. The campanile is 175 ft. high. In the vicinity are the troglodyte caverns of Monte Scaglioso, still inhabited by some of the lower classes, and other caves with 13th-century
frescoes.
Neolithic pottery has been found here, but the origin of the town is uncertain. Under the Normans Matera was a countship for William
Bras
  de Fer and his successors. It was the
chief
  town of the Basilicata from 1664 till 1811, when the French transferred the administration to
Potenza
 .


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