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Encyclopedia Britannica



MASON, JOHN YOUNG (1799-1859)

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 840 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAR-MEC
MASON, JOHN YOUNG (1799-1859) , American political
leader
  and diplomatist, was born in Greenesville county, Virginia, on the 18th of April 1799. Graduating at the university of North Carolina in 1816, he studied law in the famous
Litchfield
  (Connecticut) law school, and in r829 was admitted to practice in Southampton county, Virginia. He served in the Virginia
house
  of delegates in 18231827, in the state constitutional convention of 18291830, and from 1831 to 1837 in the National
House
  of Representatives, being chairman of the committee on foreign affairs in 18351836. He was secretary of the navy in President Tyler's cabinet (18441845), and was attorney-general (18451846) and secretary of the navy (18461849), succeeding George Bancroft, under President Polk. He was president of the Virginia constitutional convention of 1851, and from 1853 until his death at Paris on the 3rd of October 1859, was United States minister to France. In this capacity he attracted attention by wearing at the
court
  of
Napoleon
  III. a simple diplomatic uniform (for this he was rebuked by Secretary of State W. L. Marcy, who had ordered American ministers to
wear
  a plain civilian costume), and by joining with James Buchanan and Pierre Soule, ministers to
Great
  Britain and Spain respectively, in drawing up (Oct. 1854) the famous Ostend Manifesto.
Hawthorne
  called him a " fat-brained, good-hearted, sensible old man "; and in politics he was a typical Virginian of the old school, a state's rights Democrat, upholding slavery and hating abolitionism.


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