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Encyclopedia Britannica



MASON, JAMES MURRAY (1798-1871)

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 839 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAR-MEC
MASON, JAMES MURRAY (1798-1871) , American political leader, was born in Fairfax county, Virginia, on the 3rd of November 1798, the grandson of George Mason (17251792). Educated at the university of
Pennsylvania
  and the college of William and Mary, he was admitted to the bar in 182o. He was a member of the Virginia
House
  of Delegates in 18261827 and 18281831, of the state Constitutional Convention of 1829, of the National
House
  of Representatives (18371839), of the United States Senate from 1847 until July 1861 '(when, withother Southern senators he was formally expelledhe had previously withdrawn), and of the Virginia Secession Convention in April 1861. Entering politics as a Jacksonian Democrat, Mason was throughout his career a consistent strict constructionist, opposing protective tariffs, internal improvements by the national government, and all attempts to restrict or
control
  the spread of slavery, Which he sincerely believed to be essential to the social and political welfare of the
South
 . He was the author of the Fugitive Slave Act of 185o, and in 186o was chairman of the Senate committee which investigated the John Brown raid. After Lincoln's election as President he was one of the strongest
advocates
  of secession in Virginia. He was appointed in August 1861
commissioner
  of the Confederate States to
Great
  Britain. The British ship " Trent," upon which he and John Slidell, the
commissioner
  to France, sailed, was intercepted (Nov. 8, 1861) by a United States ship-of-war (the " San Jacinto," Captain Charles Wilkes), and the two commissioners were seized and carried as prisoners to Boston.
Great
  Britain immediately demanded their release, and war for a time seemed imminent; but owing mainly to the tactful diplomacy of the prince consort, Lincoln acknowledged that the seizure of Mason and Slidell was a violation of the rights of Great Britain as a neutral, and on the 1st of January 1862 released the commissioners. The incident has become known in history as the " Trent Affair." Mason at once proceeded to London, where, however, he was unable to secure official recognition, and his commission to' Great Britain was withdrawn
late
  in 1863. He remained in Europe, spending most of his time at Paris and holding blank commissions which he was authorized to fill in at his discretion in case the presence of a Confederate commissioner should seem desirable at any particular European court. These commissions, however, he did not use. After the war he lived for several years in Canada, but returned in 1869 to Virginia, and on the 28th of April 1871 died at Alexandria.
See The Public Life and Diplomatic Correspondence of James M. Mason, with some Personal History (Roanoke, Va., 1903), by his daughter, Virginia Mason; Sir
Theodore
  Martin, Life of the Prince Consort.


End of Article: MASON, JAMES MURRAY (1798-1871)


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