MARTIUS, CARL FRIEDRICH PHILIPP VON (17941868)

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 803 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

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MARTIUS, CARL FRIEDRICH PHILIPP VON (17941868) , German botanist and traveller, was born on the 17th of

April

APRIL

1794 at Erlangen, where be graduated M.D. in x814, publishing as his thesis a

critical

CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

catalogue of plants in the botanic

garden

GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

of the university. He afterwards devoted himself to botanical study, and in 1817 he and J. B. von Spix were sent to Brazil by the king of Bavaria. They travelled from Rio de Janeiro through several of the southern and eastern provinces of Brazil, and ascended the river Amazon to Tabatinga, as well as some of its larger affluents. On his return to Europe in 182o he was appointed conservator of the botanic

garden

GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

Munich

MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

, and in 1826 professor of botany in the university there, and held both offices till 1864. He devoted his

chief

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

attention to the flora of Brazil, and in addition to numerous short papers he published the Nova Genera et Species Plantarum Brasiliensium (1823-1832, 3 vols.) and Icones selectae Plantarum Cryptogamicarum Brasiliensium (1827), both works being finely illustrated. An account of his travels in Brazil appeared in 3 vols. 4to, 18231831, with an

atlas

ATLAS

of plates, but probably the

work

WORK

by which he is best known is his Historia Palmarum (18231850) in 3 large folio volumes, of which one describes the palms discovered by himself in Brazil. In 1840 he began the Flora Brasiliensis, with the assistance of the most distinguished European botanists, who undertook monographs of the various orders. Its publication was continued after his death under the editorship of A. W. Eichler (18391887) until 1887, and subsequently of Ignaz von Urban. He also edited several works on the zoological collections made in Brazil by Spix, after the death of the latter in 1826. On the outbreak of

potato

POTATO
POTATO (Solanum tuberosum)

disease in Europe he investigated it and published his observations in 1842. He also published works and short papers on the aborigines of Brazil, on their civil and social

condition

CONDITION (Lat. condicio, from condicere, to agree upon, arrange; not connected with conditio, from condere, conditum, to put together)

, on their past and probable future, on their diseases and medicines, and on the languages of the various tribes, especially the Tupi. He died at

Munich

MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

on the 13th of December 1868.

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