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Encyclopedia Britannica



MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (18011895)

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 795 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAR-MEC
MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (18011895) , British admiral, son of Admiral of the
Fleet
  Sir
Thomas
  Byam Martin, comptroller of the navy, and grandson, on the mother's side, of Captain Robert Fanshawe, who commanded the " Namur " 90 in Rodney's victory of the 12th of April 1782, was born on the 5th of December 1801. Entering the navy at the age of twelve, his father's
interest
  secured his rapid promotion: he was made a lieutenant on the 15th of December 1820; on the 8th of February 1823 he was promoted to be
commander
  of the " Fly " sloop, his good service in which in support of the interests of British merchants at Callao secured his promotion as captain on the 5th of June 1824. He afterwards served in the Mediterranean and on the home station. In 18491852 he was commodore commanding the Channel
squadron
 , and gave evidence of a remarkable aptitude for command. He was made rear-admiral in May 1853, and for the next four years was superintendent of Portsmouth dockyard. He was made vice-admiral in February 1858, and after a year as a lord of the admiralty, was appointed
commander
 -in-
chief
  in the Mediterranean. The discipline of the navy was then bad. It was a tradition sprung from the wholesale shipment of
gaol
 -birds during the old war, that the men were to be treated without consideration; moreover the ships had been largely filled up with "
bounty
  men" bought into the service with a 10 note:without training. Out of this unpromising material Martin formed the
fleet
  which was at that time the ideal of excellence. He had no war service, and, beyond the Italian disturbance of 186o--61, no opportunity for showing diplomatic ability. But his memory lives as that of the reformer of discipline and the originator of a comprehensive system of steam manoeuvres. He became an admiral in November 1863, and on the 4th of December succeeded to the baronetcy which had been conferred on his grandfather. His last appointment was the command at Plymouth, 18661869, and in 187o he was put on the retired
list
 . In 1873 the G.C.B. was conferred on him, and in 1878 he was made rear-admiral. He died at Upton Grey, near Winchfield, on the 24th of March 1895. He was twice married, and left, besides daughters, one son, who succeeded to the baronetcy.


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