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Encyclopedia Britannica



MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 794 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAR-MEC
MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800) , French adventurer and officer in the army of the
English
 
East
  India Company, was born at Lyons on the 4th of January 1735, the son of a cooper. He went out to India in 1751 to serve under
Dupleix
  and
Lally
  in the Carnatic wars. When
Pondicherry
  fell in 1761, he seems, like others of his countrymen, to have accepted service in the Bengal army of the
English
 , obtaining an
ensign
 's commission in 1763, and steadily rising to the rank of major-general. He was employed on the building of the new Fort William at Calcutta, and afterwards on the survey of Bengal under Rennell. In 1776 he was allowed to accept the appointment of superintendent of the arsenal of the
nawab
  of Oudh at Lucknow, retaining his rank but being ultimately placed on half pay. He acquired a large fortune, and on his death (Sept. 13, 1800) he bequeathed his residuary estate to found institutions for the education of European children at Lucknow, Calcutta and Lyons, all known by the name of " La Martiniere." That at Lucknow is the best known. It was housed in the palace that he had built called Constantia, which, though damaged during the Mutiny, retains many personal memorials of its founder.
See S. C. Hill, The
Life
  of Claud Martin (Calcutta, 1901).


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