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Encyclopedia Britannica



MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 794 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAR-MEC
MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883) , French historian, was born on the loth of February 1810 at St Quentin (Aisne), where his father was a judge. Trained as a notary, he followed this profession for some time but having achieved success with an historical romance, Wolfthurm (183o), he applied himself to historical research. Becoming associated with Paul Lacroix (" le Bibliophile Jacob "), he planned with him a history of France, to consist of excerpts from the
chief
  chroniclers and historians, with
original
  matter filling up gaps in the continuity. The first volume, which appeared in 1833, encouraged the author to make the
work
  his own, and his Histoire de France, in fifteen volumes (18331836), was the result. This magnum
opus
 , rewritten and further elaborated (4th ed., 16 vols. and index, 18611865) gained for the author in 1856 the first prize of the
Academy
 , and in 1869 the grand biennial prize of 20,000 francs. A popular abridgment in seven volumes was published in 1867. This, together with the continuation, Histoire de France depuis 1789 jusqu'd nos jours (6 vols. 18781883), gives a complete history of France, and superseded Sismondi's Histoire des Francais.
This
work
  is in parts defective; Martin's descriptions of the Gauls are based rather on romance than on history, and in this respect he was too much under the influence of Jean Reynaud and his cosmogonic philosophy. However he gave a
great
  impetus to Celtic and anthropological studies. His knowledge of the mddile ages is inadequate, and his criticisms are not discriminating. As a free-thinking republican, his prejudices often biassed his judgment on the political and religious history of the ancien regime. The last six volumes, devoted to the 17th and 18th centuries, are superior to the earlier ones. Martin sat in the assemblee nationale as
deputy
  for Aisne in 1871,
and was elected life senator in 1878, but he left no mark as a politician. He died in Paris on the 14th of December 1883. Among his
minor
  works may be mentioned:De la France, de
son genie et de ses destinies (1847); Daniel Manin (186o), La Russie et l'Europe (1866) ; Etudes d'archeologie celtique (1872) ; Les
Napoleon
  et les frontieres de la France (1874). See his
biography
  by Gabriel Hanotaux, Henri Martin; sa vie,_ ses oeuvres, son temps (1885).


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