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Encyclopedia Britannica



MARSYAS

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 784 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAR-MEC
MARSYAS , in Greek mythology, a Phrygian god or Silenus, son of Hyagnis. He was originally the god of the small river of the same name near Celaenae, an old Phrygian town. He represents the art of playing the
flute
  as opposed to the lyrethe one the accompaniment of the
worship
  of Cybele, the other that of the
worship
  of Apollo. According to the legend,
Athena
 , who had invented the
flute
 , threw it away in disgust, because it distorted the features. Marsyas found it, and having acquired
great
  skill in playing it, challenged Apollo to a contest with his lyre. Midas, king of
Phrygia
 , who had been appointed judge, declared in favour of Marsyas, and Apollo punished Midas by changing his ears into ass's ears. In another version, the Muses were
judges
  and awarded the victory to Apollo, who tied Marsyas to a tree and flayed him alive. Marsyas, as well as Midas and Silenus, are associated in legend with Dionysus and belong to the cycle of legends of Cybele. A statue of Marsyas was set
1 According to others, a reed-pipe made of the stalks of hemlock; the
reading
  scutica (" whip ") has also been proposed.up in the Roman forum and colonies as a symbol of liberty. The contest and
punishment
  of Marsyas were favourite subjects in Greek art, both
painting
  and sculpture. In Florence there are several statues of Marsyas
hanging
  on the tree as he is going to be flayed (see GREEK ART, fig. 54, Pl. II.); Apollo and the executioner complete the group. In the Lateran museum at Rome there is a statue representing Marsyas in the act of picking up the flute, a copy of a masterpiece by Myron (Hyginus, Fab. 167, 191; Apollodorus i. 4, 2; Ovid, Metam. vi. 382-400, xi. 145-193), for which see GREEK ART, fig. 64 (Pl. III.).


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