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Encyclopedia Britannica



MARSHMAN, JOSHUA (17681837)

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 774 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAR-MEC
MARSHMAN, JOSHUA (17681837) , English Baptist missionary and orientalist, was born on the loth of April 1768, at Westbury Leigh, in Wiltshire. He followed the occupation of a weaver until 1794, but having meanwhile devoted himself to study he removed to Broadmead, Bristol, to take charge of a small school. In 1799 he was sent by the Baptist Missionary Society to join their mission at Serampur. Here, in addition to his more
special
  duties, he studied
Bengali
  and Sanskrit, and afterwards Chinese. He translated the Bible into various dialects, and, aided by his son, established
newspapers
  and founded Serampur College. He received the degree of D.D. from Brown University, U.S.A., in 1810. He died at Serampur on the 5th of December 1837. His son, John
Clark
  Marshman (1794-1877), was official
Bengali
  translator; he published a Guide to tke Civil Law which, before the
work
  of Macaulay, was the civil code of India, and wrote a History of India (1842).
Marshman translated into Chinese the book of
Genesis
 , the Gospels, and the Epistles of Paul to the Romans and the Corinthians; in 1811 he published The Works of Confucius, containing the
Original
  Text, with a
Translation
 , and in 1814 his Clavis Sinica. He was also the author of Elements of Chinese Grammar, with Preliminary Dissertation on the Characters and Colloquial Mediums of the Chinese, and was associated with W. Carey in the preparation of a Sanskrit grammar and of a Bengali-English dictionary.
See J. C. Marshman, Life and Times of Carey, Marshman and Ward (2 vols., 1859).


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