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Encyclopedia Britannica



MARSALA

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 766 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAR-MEC
MARSALA , a seaport of Sicily, in the province of Trapani, 19 m. by rail S. of Trapani. Pop. (1881), 19,732; (1901), 57,567. The low
coast
  on which it is situated is the westernmost point of the island. The town is the seat of a bishop, and the cathedral contains 16 grey marble columns, which are said to have been intended for Canterbury Cathedral in England, the vessel conveying them having been wrecked here. The town owes its importance mainly to the trade in Marsala wine.
Marsala occupies the site of Lilybaeum, the principal strong-hold of the Carthaginians in Sicily, founded by Himilco after the abandonment of Motya. Neither Pyrrhus nor the Romans were able to reduce it by siege, but it was surrendered to the latter in 241 B.C. at the end of the First Punic War. In the later wars it was a starting point for the Roman expeditions against Carthage;
' Bulletin
Lowell
  Obsy., Monthly Notices, R.A.S. (1905), 66, p. 51. 2 St
Petersburg
  Memoirs,
series
  viii., Phys. Mars-classe, vol. viii.
and under Roman
rule
  it enjoyed considerable prosperity (C.I.L. X. p. 742). It obtained municipal rights from
Augustus
  and became a colony under Pertinax or Septimus Severus. The Saracens gave it its present name, Marsa Ali, port of Ali. The harbour, which lay on the north-
east
 , was destroyed by Charles V. to prevent its occupation by pirates. The modern harbour lies to the
south
 -
east
 . In ,86o Garibaldi landed at Marsala with low men and began his campaign in Sicily. Scanty remains of the ancient Lilybaeum (fragments of the city walls, of squared stones, and some foundations of buildings between the walls and the sea) are visible; and the so-called grotto and
spring
  of the Sibyl may be mentioned. To the east of the town is a
great
  fosse which defended it on the land side, and beyond this again are quarries like those of Syracuse on a small scale. The modern town takes the shape of the Roman camp within the earlier city, one of the gates of which still existed in 1887. The main street (the Cassaro) perpetuates the name castrum.


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