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Encyclopedia Britannica



MARQUETTE, JACQUES (16371675)

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 752 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAR-MEC
MARQUETTE, JACQUES (16371675) , French Jesuit missionary and explorer, re-discoverer (with Louis Joliet) of the Mississippi. He was born at Laon, went to Canada in 1666, and was sent in 1668 to the upper lakes of the St Lawrence. Here he worked at Sault Ste Marie, St Esprit (near the western extremity of Lake Superior) and St Ignace (near Michilimackinac or Mackinaw, on the strait between Huron and Michigan). In 1673 he was chosen with Joliet for the exploration of the Mississippi, of which the French had begun to gain knowledge from Indians of the central prairies. The route taken lay up the north-west side of Lake Michigan, up Green Bay and Fox river, across Lake Winnebago, over the
portage
  to the Wisconsin river, and down the latter into the Mississippi, which was descended to within 700 M. of the sea, at the confluence of the Arkansas river. Entering the Mississippi on the 17th of May, Joliet and his companion turned back on the 17th of July, and returned to Green Bay and Michigan (by way of the Illinois river) at the end of September 1673. On the journey Marquette fell ill of dysentery; and a fresh excursion which he undertook to plant a mission among the Indians of the Illinois river in the winter of 16741675 proved fatal. He died on his way
home
  to St Ignace onthe banks of a small stream (the lesser and older Marquette River) which enters the
east
  side of Lake Michigan in Marquette Bay (May 18, 1675). His name is now borne by a larger watercourse which flows some distance from the scene of his death.
See Marquette's Journal, first published in Melchissedech Thevenot's Recueil de Voyages (Paris, 1681), and fully given in Martin's Relations inedites, and in Shea's Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley (New
York
 , 1852); cf. also Pierre Margry's Decouvertes . des Fran4ais clans l'ouest et clans le sud de l'Amerique septentrionale (16141754) ; Memoires et documents originaux (Paris, 1875), containing Joliet's Details and Relations; Francis Parkman, La Salle and the Discovery of the
Great
  West (Boston 18691878), esp. pp. X., 20, 3233, 4972.


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