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Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAL-MAR |
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MAR, EARLDOM OF . Mar, one of the ancient divisions or provinces of Scotland, comprised the larger portion of Aberdeen-shire, extending from north of the Don southward to the Mounth. Like other such districts, it was in Celtic times under the rule of a morrnaer. In the 12th century his place was taken by an earl
great
Earl
heir , Margaret, brought the earldom to her husband, William, earl of Douglas, and on the accession of her daughter Isab6l a troublous time followed.While she was living as a widow at her castle of Kildrummy, it was stormed by Alexander Stewart, a bastard, who forced her to execute a charter (August 12, 1404) settling the reversion to the earldom on himself and his heirs. This act she revoked by a charter of the 19th of September 1404, which cannot now be found; but on marrying him, on the 9th of December 1404, she granted him the earldom for life, the king confirming this on the 21st of June 1405. After her death in 1408 the earl played a great
heir of Gratney, earl of Mar, through a daughter; but the Crown claimed as reversionary under the creation of 1426. A long struggle followed, till in 1457 James II. obtained from a justiciary court at Aberdeen a recognition of the Crown's right to the earldom and its lands, and shortly after bestowed them on his son John as earl of Mar and Garioch. He died unmarried in 1479, and in 1483 his elder brother Alexander duke of Albany received the earldom, but was soon forfeited. James III. created his son John earl of Mar and Garioch in 1486, and after his death unmarried in 1503, James IV. alienated to Lord Elphinstone (15071510) many of the Mar lands, including Kildrummy. The title was not revived till 1562, when James Stewart, earl of Murray, held it for a few months.In 1565 John, Lord Erskine, succeeded in getting returned heir to the earldom, and shortly after (June 23, 1565) Queen Margaret restored the charter to him and his heirs " all and hail the said earldom of Mar." As earl he took part against the queen in 1567, and in 1571 was made regent of Scotland, which post he retained till his death (1572). His son, earl John (c.15581634), played a great part in the history of the family. His great achievement was the recovery of the Mar estates, alienated by the Crown during the long period that his family had been out of possession, including Kildrummy, the " head " of the earldom. It was in his time that the precedence of the earldom (see below) was settled. John, the next earl (c. 15851654) was a Royalist, as was his son John (d. 1668), much to the injury of the family fortune, which was further impaired by the attachment of the family, after the Revolution, to the Stuarts. His son Charles (16501689) was arrested by the government just before his death (1689), and the next earl, John (16751732), a prominent Jacobite (see below), was attainted, the earldom remaining under forfeiture for lo8 years; by the Old Pretender he was created duke of Mar. Alloa and other Erskine estates of the attainted earl were re-purchased for the family, and descended to John Francis Erskine (17411825), his heir-male, who was also his heir of line through his daughter. To him, in his eighty-third year, as grandson and lineal representative of the attainted earl, the earldom was restored by act of parliament in 1824. His grandson, who succeeded him in 1828, inherited the earldom of Kellie (1619) and other Erskine dignities by decision of 1835. At his death in 1866, his earldom of Mar was the subject of rival claims, and the right to the succession was not determined till 1875. His estates passed to his cousin
late
late
body
or extend to restore " the peerage dignity, and enacted that " John Francis Erskine Goodeve Erskine " (which last name the claimant had added) should be " restored to " the ancient earldom. His previous assumption of the title was thus rejected as invalid, but from the passing of the act two earldoms of Mar were in existence, that of Lord Kellie being confirmed and allowed the precedence of 1565, while the restored earldom was allowed that of the dignity on the Union Roll, the only one known till then. This precedence had been assigned to it by the Decreet of Ranking (16o6), and assigns to it an origin in 1404 (or, as some say, 1395). It is frequently, but absurdly, stated to have been " created before 1014," and wrongly spoken of as the Premier Scottish Earldom (see EARL). A barony of Garioch is also wrongly said to be annexed to it, but the title is used by the earl's eldest son in default of any other. End of Article: MAR, EARLDOM OF If you wish, you can link directly to this article.
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