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Encyclopedia Britannica



MARIOTTE, EDME (c. 1620-1684)

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 724 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAL-MAR
MARIOTTE, EDME (c. 1620-1684) , French physicist, spent most of his
life
  at
Dijon
 , where he was prior of St Martin sous Beaune. He was one of the first members of the
Academy
  of Sciences founded at Paris in 1666. He died at Paris on the 12th of May 1684. The first volume of the Histoire et memoires de l'Academie (1733) contains many
original
  papers by him upon a
great
  variety of
physical
  subjects, such as the motion of fluids, the nature of colour, the notes of the
trumpet
 , the
barometer
 , the fall of bodies, the recoil of guns, the freezing of water, &c.
His Essais de physique, four in number, of which the first three were published at Paris between 1676 and 1679, are his most important works, and form, together with a Traite de la percussion des corps, the first volume of the tEuvres de
Mariotte
  (2 vols., Leiden, 1717). The second of these essays (De La nature de lair) contains the statement of the law that the volume of a gas varies inversely as the pressure, which, though very generally called by the name of
Mariotte
 , had been discovered in 166o by Robert Boyle. The fourth essay is a systematic treatment of the nature of colour, with a description of many curious experiments and a discussion of the rainbow, halos, parhelia, diffraction, and the more purely physiological phenomena of colour. The discovery of the blind spot is noted in a short
paper
  in the second volume of his collected works.


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