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Encyclopedia Britannica



MAREMMA (a corruption of Marittima, " situated on the sea ")

This article appears in Volume V17, Page 699 of the Encyclopedia Britannica.

Encyclopedia Britannica - Main :: MAL-MAR
MAREMMA (a corruption of Marittima, " situated on the sea ") , a marshy region of Tuscany, Italy, extending from the mouth of the Cecina to
Orbetello
  and varying in breadth from 15 to 20 M. In
Etruscan
  and Roman times the
Maremma
  was a
populous and fertile
coast
  plain, with considerable towns situated on the hillsPopulonia, Russellae, Cosa, &c., and was drained by a complete
system
  of subterranean canals which were brought to light by the excavations made in connexion with the railways passing through the
district
 . But the decline of agriculture at the end of the Republic led to a conversion of the land to pasture, and later the unsettled state of affairs consequent on the fall of the Roman Empire resulted in neglect of the watercourses.
Leopold
  II. of Tuscany (18221844) made the first successful efforts to counteract the malaria which has affected the
district
 , by drainage, the filling up of swamps, and the
establishment
  of new farms, and since his time continuous efforts have been made with considerable success.


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